{"id":396,"date":"2017-10-07T19:20:46","date_gmt":"2017-10-07T19:20:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/systemslearning.org\/wordpress\/?page_id=396"},"modified":"2017-10-08T12:50:30","modified_gmt":"2017-10-08T12:50:30","slug":"c1-page-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/systemslearning.org\/wordpress\/c1-page-2\/","title":{"rendered":"C1 &#8211; Page 2"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"pl-396\"  class=\"panel-layout\" ><div id=\"pg-396-0\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-396-0-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-396-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-button panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"0\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-button so-widget-sow-button-atom-01aba267e6d3-396\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><div class=\"ow-button-base ow-button-align-right\"\n>\n\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/systemslearning.org\/wordpress\/c1-first-page\/\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"sowb-button ow-icon-placement-left ow-button-hover\" \t>\n\t\t<span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"sow-icon-fontawesome sow-fas\" data-sow-icon=\"&#xf104;\"\n\t\tstyle=\"\" \n\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pgc-396-0-1\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-396-0-1-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"1\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 20pt;\">How do we see the world? <\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 20pt;\">Is there a prevailing worldview?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pgc-396-0-2\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-396-0-2-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-button panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"2\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-button so-widget-sow-button-atom-40024cd54427-396\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><div class=\"ow-button-base ow-button-align-left\"\n>\n\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/systemslearning.org\/wordpress\/c1-page-3\/\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"sowb-button ow-icon-placement-left ow-button-hover\" \t>\n\t\t<span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"sow-icon-fontawesome sow-fas\" data-sow-icon=\"&#xf105;\"\n\t\tstyle=\"\" \n\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-396-1\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-396-1-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-396-1-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-image panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"3\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-image so-widget-sow-image-default-8b5b6f678277-396\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"sow-image-container\">\n\t\t<img \n\tsrc=\"https:\/\/systemslearning.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/C1-mechanistic.jpg\" width=\"800\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/systemslearning.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/C1-mechanistic.jpg 800w, https:\/\/systemslearning.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/C1-mechanistic-300x113.jpg 300w, https:\/\/systemslearning.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/C1-mechanistic-768x288.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" alt=\"\" \t\tclass=\"so-widget-image\"\/>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-396-2\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-396-2-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-396-2-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child\" data-index=\"4\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Machines and technology dominate our lives, but do they also dominate our ways of thinking and acting in the world?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-396-2-0-1\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_media_video panel-last-child\" data-index=\"5\" ><div style=\"width:100%;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-396-1\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/youtube\" src=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/nVwOqM4Jcr0?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/nVwOqM4Jcr0\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/nVwOqM4Jcr0<\/a><\/video><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-396-3\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-396-3-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-396-3-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"6\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">In brief<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Since Copernicus fundamentally shifted the way we see the sun, we have enjoyed 300 years of scientific advance - but what are the implications?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">We use images, stories and metaphors to communicate, borrowing these from the world around us. Has the scientific, machine-based way of thinking \u2013 rational, reductionist, empirical, dualist\u00a0\u2013 so invaded our way of thinking that we have lost touch with other ways of learning and knowing?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">This video argues that there is a prevailing, predominant, pervasive way of seeing the world; the mechanistic. This is understandable based on the beneficial technological developments of the past 300 years, but is none-the-less incomplete and increasingly damaging.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>In practice<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">How do you know what you know?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">We are asked to rely on experts, on research and science. But are there other ways by which we know things \u2013 intuition, feelings, expression, practical know-how?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Try noticing how you know what you know, or asking others how they know. What do you rely on for certainty? How is this certainty affected by assumptions and beliefs?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Fritjof Capra (1997)\u00a0<em>The Web of Life\u00a0<\/em>Flamingo<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Stephan Harding (2006)\u00a0<em>Animate Earth\u00a0<\/em>Green Books, UK<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Heron and Reason (2006)<em>The Practice of Co-operative Inquiry,\u00a0<\/em>Chapter 12, Handbook of Action Research<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>In depth (bullet point summary from the video above)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">(With thanks to Stephan Harding of Schumacher College, and others)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">The prevailing worldview, the dominant way of thinking, can be understood and justified by looking at its origins in the scientific revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries:<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Before Copernicus and Gallileo\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">The earth was seen as animate, with a soul - <em>Anima mundi<\/em> - earth as mother, provider of bounty. (This is still common to aboriginal peoples and pantheism.)<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Background: Middle ages in Europe<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Humans subject to the overwhelming forces of nature<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Black Death and Hundred Years war - Decimated population<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Cold weather - Short growing season, Poor harvests<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Challenge to church by Galileo shifting the relationship between the earth and the heavens<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Enlightenment - 16th and 17th Century<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Trade and prosperity \u2013 growing confidence in the face of nature<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Extraordinary explosion of European thinkers<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Newton: Thermodynamics, Gravity, Calculus (and Leibnitz in Germany)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Bacon (the architect of the empirical method), said <em>\u2018Constrain nature using mechanical inventions so that she can be forced out of her natural state and squeezed and moulded'<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Locke - experience through feelings is 'secondary' to thought<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Descartes \u2013 famously stated that thought is the defining and unique characteristic of human beings. <em>\"Cogito, ergo sum\"<\/em>: \u201cI think - therefore I am.\u201d This gives rise to dualism, the existence of an objective, separate reality, as in mind and body or human and nature<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Galileo - the universe is a mechanism - clock analogy. We should ignore subjective sensory experience.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Leonardo da Vinci - Nature is made up of mechanisms<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Also developing at this time \u2013 powerful, life-changing, labour saving\u00a0machines:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Steam power and the Industrial Revolution,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Inventors such as Newcombe and Watt\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>This technological, machine revolution engendered our current,\u00a0<\/strong><strong>prevailing way of seeing the world.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Elements of this include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Dualism: mind and body are separate, human and nature are separate<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Control of nature: human is dominant, nature is servant, nature red in tooth and claw - to be defeated<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Nature as machine: to be analysed and understood, to be controlled<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Mathematics: the language of rationalism - at least before sub-atomic physics<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">The mechanical view of the universe: like a clock - wheels within wheels and cogs. Predictable and programmed<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Human is the hero, chosen by God to have dominion over all: But is this a masculine world-view, rooted in masculine thinking and rationalism, rather than in feminine intuition and feeling<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>The Machine Metaphor is very pervasive, dominating many aspects of life:<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Biology: Microscope, Reductionist approaches, the genome as \u2018machine code\u2019 for life<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Physics (at least, above the level of the atom):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Electromagnetism<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Mechanical laws<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Fudging the inconsistencies<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Dominance of mathematics<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Chemistry: Elements and molecules<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Medicine: Surgery - the body seen in the same way as a machine - taking it apart and servicing <\/span>its<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\"> separate parts, experts specialise in different aspects. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Who looks at the whole body<\/span> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">to see the <\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">inter-relationship<\/span> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">of the parts?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Economics: Universal heroic laws (perhaps trying to imitate physics)<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">All else being equal<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">'Utilitarianism' - note the metaphor in the word<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Externalisation of costs - someone else carries the cost to nature in terms of depletion of resources, wastes, pollution etc<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Works with theories and laws, ignoring the experience of real people living and acting in the world<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Psychology<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">The brain is often described as being like a computer<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Taking the brain apart to search for consciousness destroys the very thing that gives rise to this emergent property<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Business<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Triumph of technology over people<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Labour saving devices \u2013 machinery, products - replace people<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">The concept on incorporation creates <\/span>an amoral<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\"> legal entity, sometimes compared to a psychopath \u2013 maximizing returns to one stakeholder, the shareholder, with no responsibility to other stakeholders such as people or the environment<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Plundering attitude to resource use:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">A form of imperialism over nature<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">An attitude of slavery toward workers<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Legal \u2013 land can be owned, giving rights to enjoyment of property that supersedes all others<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Thinking<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Dominance of the conscious over the unconscious<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Distrust of intuition, feelings and the artistic\/poetic<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Reductionist: the 'religion' of science and positivism<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Masculine ethics: rights, duties<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Agriculture<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Monoculture - inherently unstable, vulnerable to collapse<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Centralising (monopoly control of seeds, for example)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Inputs: Oil fertilisers, chemical control, depleted nutrition, poor soil<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Technological solutions: labour, chemicals, genetic 'engineering' - note the metaphorical word. (Yes, we can take the genome apart to understand how it is constructed, but can we predict what will emerge if we try to rearrange it?)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Ignores interdependencies: system services (but beware dualism here), e.g. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">bees, rain, earthworms, bacteria,<\/span> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">fungi<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Relation of man to nature<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">To be dominated, feared, existing for our purpose<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Value of nature to us not counted: deal with waste at the end of the pipe rather than preventing it coming out of the pipe, externalizing costs away from polluters and resource consumers to be carried by states and taxpayers<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Nature is seen as a form of machine<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Biodiversity not seen as important<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Gaia theory (the earth as a living self-balancing system) widely disregarded<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Assumption that Mother Nature will provide: sinks for wastes and pollutants, unlimited resources<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Other species with no rights to their own undisturbed existence<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">There is a need to make nature predictable, controllable<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>We have enjoyed immense benefits, which we honour<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">The machine metaphor, or way of seeing the world, has brought us many benefits<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Technology: machines, nutrition, health and life expectancy, physical comfort, control\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Positivist science and the empirical method<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Rationalism<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">The side effects did not matter while nature could absorb our wastes, and resources were plentiful<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">It is important to be careful about judgement or blame<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">We all arise from the working of a system<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Nature invented the aeroplane!<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How do we see the world? Is there a prevailing worldview? \u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-396","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/systemslearning.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/396","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/systemslearning.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/systemslearning.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systemslearning.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systemslearning.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=396"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/systemslearning.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/396\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":459,"href":"https:\/\/systemslearning.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/396\/revisions\/459"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/systemslearning.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=396"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}